The International Journal of Education Management and Sociology

Students' Motivation and it's impact on English Language Learning Outcomes

2026-02-05T17:33:22+00:00

Students’ motivation plays a crucial role in determining the success of English language learning outcomes. Motivation influences students’ engagement, persistence, and attitudes toward learning activities, which ultimately affect their academic achievement. This study aims to examine the impact of students’ motivation on English language learning outcomes. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through motivation questionnaires and English achievement tests administered to students at the secondary education level. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques to identify the relationship between motivational factors and learning outcomes. The findings reveal that students with higher levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation tend to demonstrate better performance in English language skills, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The results also indicate that motivation significantly contributes to students’ willingness to participate actively in learning processes and to overcome learning difficulties. Therefore, enhancing students’ motivation should be a key focus for educators in designing effective English language instruction to improve learning outcomes.

Entagogy: Developing a Systems-Theoretical Framework for Autopoietic Co-Construction Between Learners and AI in Posthumanist Education

2026-03-06T05:22:40+00:00

This article introduces Entagogy, a posthumanist, systems-theoretical framework for AI-integrated learning that addresses conceptual gaps left by traditional paradigms such as pedagogy, andragogy, and heutagogy. Drawing on Luhmann’s theory of structural coupling, Entagogy reconceptualises the interaction between the Human Cognitive System (HCS) and the AI Semantic Subsystem (AISS) as co-autopoietic, mutually adaptive, and structurally coupled processes occurring within an entangled Zone of Proximal Development (e-ZPD). Entagogy’s novel contributions include (i) the introduction of a measurable Coupling Index and clearly defined mechanical thresholds of adaptivity, latency responsiveness, and governance permeability, that determine when genuinely recursive and co-constructive learning emerges; (ii) the elaboration of the Entagogy Stack, an integrative schema connecting computational substrates, interface semantics, exogenous perturbations, and institutional policy; and (iii) a methodological roadmap structured around four analytical lenses: scenario-based reasoning, learning-analytics trace ethnography, longitudinal mixed-methods inquiry, and comparative multimodal analysis. The article explicitly addresses limitations, including systemic risks associated with digital inequality, bias propagation, and ethical oversight. Ultimately, Entagogy equips researchers, educators, and policymakers with actionable theoretical constructs, robust validation criteria, and equity-driven governance recommendations, guiding the development of ethically grounded, adaptive, and inclusive AI-enhanced learning environments.

National Defense and Economic Development: Examining the Relationship Between National Defense Capability, Defense Economics, and Economic Stability

2026-03-06T05:22:39+00:00

This study explores the relationship between national defense capability, defense economics, and economic stability in Indonesia’s development context. Defense and economic development are closely linked and essential for maintaining national sovereignty and prosperity, particularly amid globalization and complex geopolitical dynamics. Using a literature review and meta-analysis, the study examines how defense capability and defense economics interact to influence economic stability and growth. The findings indicate that stronger defense capability supports the defense economy, which in turn contributes to overall economic stability. However, this relationship is not linear and depends on factors such as government policy, R&D investment, domestic industrial capacity, and geopolitical conditions. Technological innovation and defense industry development are also identified as key drivers of growth and resilience to external shocks. The study provides insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to strengthen synergy between defense and national economic development.

The Implementation Of School Regulations In Developing Students’ Discipline Character In An Elementary School

2026-03-06T05:22:39+00:00

School regulations constitute binding rules for all members of the school community to support the teaching and learning process. Discipline character education, derived from the term “disciplina,” refers to mental and moral training aimed at fostering obedience to rules based on self-awareness. Discipline offers several benefits, including the development of positive habits, the enhancement of independence, and the cultivation of responsibility. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved students of SDN 1 Sei Rukam 1 as the research subjects in examining the implementation of school regulations in developing discipline character. The findings indicate that the implementation of school regulations in fostering discipline character education at SDN 1 Sei Rukam, Pugaan District, Tabalong Regency, has been carried out effectively. This study is expected to contribute to improving students’ disciplinary attitudes.

Pedagogy as the Core of Education: Implementing Knowledge, Ethics, and Professional Boundaries in Teaching Practice

2026-03-06T05:22:38+00:00

Education is the fundamental embedded aspect in life. Pedagogy what is the deep rooted core concept in the field of education and it is a broader subject of discussion, and an embedded aspect what is implemented in education. Pedagogy, term in education is an implementation of knowledge for learning to teaching or for the educators to be able to put the leaning in practice, to be able to practise their leaning skills and knowledge in teaching or in managing learning and while facilitating the learning to learners or to be able to practise accurately in handling and managing, delivering the sessions or services or maintaining the conducts, in contacts. Verily, the contact is a very sensitive matter in all aspects aware is needed, and respect and decency isessential to be maintained. At most services or practises there is precautionary orders in placed or mandates are instructed, while there maintained boundaries of essential safe guarding.