The International Journal of Law Review and State Administration

Legality and Supremacy of Law: All Actions and Policies Must Comply with Applicable Laws

Fatema Miah — 2026-07-24

Law of Human Right is a Critical subject matter, the Human Right Law Act in the Slavery, and Force labour is often occurred together or two separate occurrences occasionally, they are two separate matters. This falls under the act of law in the Article 4, of Human Right, the Act what is placed against the slavery and force labour. Article 4, protects people’s right that individuals should not be held in slavery or servitude. This Act is against those force labour upon others and it is to stands up for the rights of those are made to do work by force, or forced into or made to compulsory labour, and denied their Rights of refuse to accept the order or to refuse vow before the coercers or controlling group or individuals. The same Act stand up against the modern day slavery.

Bridging the Peace: Assessing Cultural-Linguistic Competence in the Mission Effectiveness of the Garuda Contingent

Budi Achmadi — 2026-07-24

UN peacekeeping operations in multinational and multicultural environments demand adaptative intercultural capacities from military personnel. This study aims to analyze the influence of foreign language proficiency specifically comprehension skills (listening/reading) and delivery skills (speaking/writing) on the mission effectiveness of the Garuda Contingent in World Peacekeeping Operations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were gathered through surveys distributed to Garuda Contingent personnel, while qualitative data were obtained via in-depth interviews detailing operational barriers and adaptation strategies. Regression analysis results indicate that both comprehension and delivery skills have a positive and significant impact on mission success. The quantitative model demonstrates a highly robust contribution, revealing that 90.3% of the variance in operational task success can be explained by these two language proficiency variables. Qualitatively, language mastery is significantly driven by individual motivation, prior deployment experience, training intensity, and workplace environmental support. On the ground, tactical communication barriers are mitigated through intercultural adaptation strategies, such as linguistic simplification, interpreter assistance, message reiteration, and cultural engagement. This study concludes that foreign language competence is a strategic imperative rather than a mere secondary skill. Practically, it implies an urgent need to restructure language training programs into more sustainable, contextualized frameworks tailored to the geopolitical dynamics of the specific mission area.

Strategy for Improving the Quality of Prime Service Through Wednesday Evening Services at the Jakarta Provincial Population Service

Ika Widiastuti — 2026-07-24

The Jakarta Provincial Government's function in the Population Administration and Civil Registration service sector aims to increase public participation in population administration services, improve the performance of its apparatus, and enhance the quality of services provided by the Population and Civil Registration Office. However, the challenges faced by Jakarta residents in handling population administration matters at the Population and Civil Registration Office include high mobility and busy working hours, inadequate information and requirements, and the persistence of illegal levies. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the strategies implemented by the Jakarta Provincial Population and Civil Registration Office to improve service quality through the innovative Wednesday Evening Service program. The research method used was qualitative research. To improve service excellence, the Wednesday Evening Service was established at the Jakarta Provincial Population and Civil Registration Office. The results indicate that the Wednesday Evening Service has been running well, but there are constraints related to the internal budget of the Jakarta Service at the Population Administration Service Unit. The conclusion of this study is that there are stages carried out by Service at the Population Administration Service Unit Jakarta in implementing Wednesday Evening services as a strategy to improve the quality of prime services, namely including alternative action selection and resource allocation.

Legal Implications of De Facto States on Diplomatic Trade and Industrial Protection

Saurav Kumar — 2026-07-31

This study aims to analyze in depth the legal implications of the existence of a de facto state on the certainty of the international trade regime, the enforceability of bilateral/multilateral trade agreements, and the protection schemes for intellectual property rights (IPR) and industrial assets. Using normative legal research methods and a doctrinal approach, this study examines the interaction between the doctrine of non-recognition and pragmatic needs in cross-border business transactions. The results show that the lack of de jure status often limits the access of de facto states to international financial institutions (such as the WTO and WIPO), hinders the enforcement of trade contracts, and weakens the legal protection of intellectual property and industrial investments from expropriation or counterfeiting. Nevertheless, modern international legal practice shows the emergence of the doctrine of necessity and informal commercial mechanisms to minimize the legal vacuum. This study concludes the need to formulate an adaptive transnational legal framework to protect the rights and interests of commercial entities without sacrificing the political sovereignty of the parent state.