The International Journal of Law Review and State Administration

Juridical Analysis of the Relevance of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System to the Challenges of Digital Education

Neneng Sulastri — 2026-11-02

This study presents a juridical analysis evaluating the relevance and adaptability of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System (UU Sisdiknas) in addressing the legal and operational challenges of modern digital education. Utilizing a normative legal research methodology with statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper examines primary legal instruments alongside secondary scholarly literature on digital pedagogy, artificial intelligence integration, and data privacy in educational contexts. The findings indicate that while Law Number 20 of 2003 provides strong foundational principles regarding educational access, rights, and moral objectives, its statutory framework exhibits significant normative gaps regarding digital infrastructure, distance learning standards, cyber protection for learners, and algorithmic governance in teaching environments. Concretely, the current legislation lacks explicit mechanisms to guarantee equitable digital access or regulate data privacy rights within ed-tech platforms. Consequently, this study highlights the urgent necessity for statutory reform or comprehensive legislative revisions to establish legal certainty, ensure equitable digital education, and align national educational policies with rapidly evolving technological realities.

Digital Occupational Safety the Legal Responsibility of App-Based Companies Regarding the Occupational Health and Safety of Online Transport Drivers

Dewi Tjandraningsih — 2026-11-02

The rapid expansion of the gig economy has reshaped conventional labor relationships, particularly within the online transportation sector, where drivers face distinct physical and psychological occupational hazards. Despite these risks, app-based companies frequently classify drivers as independent "partners" rather than formal employees, creating a legal ambiguity regarding corporate obligations toward Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). This study examines the legal responsibility of app-based companies in guaranteeing OHS protections for online transport drivers under current labor law frameworks. Employing a normative legal research methodology with statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and partnership agreements governing digital platform work. The findings indicate that existing labor laws inadequately safeguard gig workers due to rigid traditional definitions of employment relationships based on subjection and wages. Consequently, platform companies effectively transfer operational risks onto drivers while evading mandatory OHS duties. This paper concludes that legal reform is imperative to reconstruct the legal framework of work relationships and establish statutory OHS liability for platform companies to ensure comprehensive protection for digital transport workers.

Legal Protection for Women Who Are Victims of Economic Abuse within a Marital Relationship

Saurav Kumar — 2026-10-20

Economic abuse within marital relationships is an insidious yet frequently overlooked form of domestic violence that severely compromises a woman's financial autonomy, dignity, and overall well-being. This study examines the adequacy and effectiveness of existing legal protection frameworks for female victims of economic violence in marriage. Utilizing a normative legal research methodology with statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper evaluates prevailing regulations specifically Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence alongside judicial precedents and enforcement mechanisms. The findings reveal that while statutory law formally penalizes household economic neglect, significant impediments remain in practice. These challenges arise from strict evidentiary requirements, ambiguous legal definitions regarding subtle financial control, and deeply ingrained socio-cultural norms that rationalize marital economic dependency. Consequently, available legal remedies often fail to provide immediate financial stabilization, equitable restitution, or comprehensive support during litigation. To ensure substantive legal protection, this paper recommends legislative refinements to broaden definitions of economic coercion, simplified evidentiary standards, continuous gender-sensitization training for law enforcement, and the establishment of urgent interim financial support orders.